A Comprehensive Study on Gas Generation by Lithium Ion Batteries

The gas production behavior of lithium-ion batteries during storage or cycling is an essential issue in the battery industry. During battery use, the flatulence of the soft pack battery will hurt performance, and there is a safety risk. Several different electrolyte additives have been found to reduce gas production successfully. However, an additive has not been found to avoid gas production completely. In addition, understanding the sources of different gas types and their formation conditions will help rationally design electrolyte formulations that have excellent thermal stability and reduce gas production.

Recently, Sarah L. Guillot of Silatronix Inc. of the United States and others have evaluated the performance test and mechanism study of the 4.35 V graphite/NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2) multilayer soft pack battery under high-temperature storage test conditions. The influence of new organic silicon nitrile (OS) developed by Silatronix® and common additives (ie, 1,3-propane sultone and succinonitrile) on battery gas production. The author separately studied the potential synergy between OS materials and these additives, the relationship between gas generation behavior and electrolyte composition and test conditions, and gas generation behavior and electrode surface chemistry. Experimental results show that during storage at 60°C, different OS contents will reduce gas production, and the higher the OS content, the greater the benefit. In general, the organic silicon additives greatly reduce the gas production of carbonate electrolytes while maintaining battery performance. Related work was published in the internationally renowned journal J. Electrochem. Soc. entitled "Reduced Gassing In Lithium-Ion Batteries With Organosilicon Additives."

Through the study of gas production during high-temperature storage of the battery, the author found that two fluorine-containing organosilicon nitrile additives, OS3-A and OS3-B, significantly reduced gas production compared to the control group. All gases will be reduced due to the addition of these OS additives, of which CO2 has the largest reduction. Further research shows that as the concentration of OS3-A additives increases, the amount of gas produced can be further reduced. Moreover, the OS3-A additive has a synergistic effect with 1,3-propane sultone. In addition, the author also studied the mechanism of gas production during high-temperature storage of the battery and the influence of OS3-A on these. In general, OS additives show excellent performance in reducing gas production.

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