FAQ

There are a lot of factors that you should consider when buying a single-phase lithium ion UPS system. One of the most important things to do is size your system to your needs.

Here are a few tips to do just that.

Terminologies and Facts in UPS

The first thing that you have to know before you do a sizing of your UPS system’s capacity is to know the basic terms and some essential facts about the whole system.

UPS systems are often “sized” by a kW (kilowatts) and/or a kVA (kilo-volt-amperes) rating. For example, a 1 kVA UPS means its circuitry can handle 1,000 volt-amperes.

In physics, the basic rule for AC power states “watts = volts x amps.” So a 1,000VA UPS should be able to handle 1,000 watts, right?

Ideally, but not quite. No UPS is 100% efficient, and some power capacity is lost in the transformers and circuitry of the backup system. This is called reactance. Because of this, most UPS manufacturers will list a “power factor” to use and calculate the maximum wattage a UPS system can handle. This means that the formula for watts = volts x amps x power factor.

For example, 1kVA UPS from PLB has the capacity to power 900 watts of connected equipment. This means the UPS has a “power factor” of 0.9.

Other, more inefficient UPS systems may have a power factor of less than that (0.8 or 0.75, etc), meaning they will power less than 900 watts of connected equipment.

Running a full 900 watts on that 1 kVA UPS means the UPS is operating at 100% load capacity. Going over that may cause the UPS to short circuit and fail. Using less wattage on a UPS, say 450 watts on the 1kVA UPS, means it is running at 50% power. This will lengthen the battery runtime of the UPS when the power goes out.

Wiggle Room for Maximum Capacity

Each device you connect to your UPS should have a maximum wattage rating on its label. Determine what devices you will connect to your UPS and add up their watt usage. This will help you determine the maximum load capacity.

When you have come up with a realistic estimate of the load capacity, leave some wiggle room. Give at least 20% room for marginal error. This means that you should only run the UPS system around 80% of what you have calculated. This will allow you to have a ceiling whenever you reach peak conditions. Also, starting some electrical devices will cause a spike in watts used. This gives the UPS some leeway so you don’t overload it. (Example, the initial startup of a hair dryer uses more watts than when the hair dryer is operating normally a few moments later.)

So if you think you need a full 900 watts, it would be wise to get a 2kVA system to run it at 50% load capacity. There would be no wiggle room at all if you bought a 1kVA system had a 900-watt load. You’d be at 100% capacity from the start. This is not recommended.

UPS Runtime

When you know your load requirements, next think about your battery runtime requirements.

If you’re connecting equipment that is on a different floor or wing of your office complex or is in an offsite location, you may need more time for the UPS to protect your load and keep devices running. If you know your building’s generator will kick in right away during an outage, maybe you can get by with less battery runtime.

The rating of the UPS will help you determine the runtime you’ll get.

For example, the 1kVA UPS from PLB offers 11 minutes of runtime at 100% load (900 watts). If your load was 900 watts and you used a 2kVA UPS from PLB, you’d be running at 50% load, and would get 24 minutes of runtime. If you ran 900 watts on a 3kVA UPS from PLB, you’d be running at 33%, and would get more than 30 minutes runtime, etc.

Lithium-Ion UPS systems have a longer runtime when compared to similar lead-acid. The chemistry of lithium-ion battery packs — like those inside PLB UPS systems — store more power in a smaller space, making them capable of providing extended runtime in the same size UPS unit.

This gives users additional flexibility to “wait out” an outage for a little longer, or give extra travel time to an off-site location during a power outage. These extra minutes can be critical and that’s why lithium-ion batteries are becoming the future of energy storage in UPS applications.

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1. Lithium ion battery with a high height of 400Wh/L can provide reasonable structural planning conditions, planning space and possibilities.The use of lithium-ion batteries also gives planners more space and conditions to present planning thinking and style.

2. The energy of li-ion battery is 3 times that of nickel-cadmium battery and ni-Mh battery, and 2 times that of lead-acid battery. Li-ion power lithium battery is also higher than energy.

3. Lithium ion power battery is not the presence of toxic substances, known as green battery.Lithium-ion batteries are pollution-free, but there are conservation concerns.In the lithium ion power lithium battery recovery, recovery safety, recovery cost are factors to be considered.

4. Pan-geostationary vehicle-mounted lithium ion battery charging and discharging all-in-one machine is earthquake-resistant, reliable, lightweight and miniaturized.Applied to all kinds of vehicle-mounted scenes, it solves problems such as vibration, wide temperature scale and non-solid grounding.Integrated planning of built-in lithium ion battery and charger, convenient direct-insert device of cabinet, intelligent battery management system.

5, lithium ion battery low temperature function is good, lithium ion power lithium battery at -20℃ ~ +55℃ can be operated, suitable for low temperature environment.

6. Lithium ion battery has high specific energy, up to 150Wh/Kg.It's twice as large as nickel metal hydride and four times as large as lead-acid.

Lithium-ion batteries are batteries that use a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.The chemical properties of lithium metals are very flexible, which will make lithium metals have higher requirements for environmental processing, preservation and application.

AGV car battery brands are now various, including lead-acid battery, nickel metal hydride battery and lithium ion battery.Most manufacturers choose lithium ion battery as AGV car battery power supply.Advantages of lithium-ion battery over other batteries:

1. High voltage channel of lithium ion battery: the uniform voltage of single battery is 3.7V or 3.2V, which is approximately equal to the series voltage of three nickel-cadmium batteries or ni-MH batteries, which is convenient to form the battery power group.

2. Lithium ion batteries have high energy density compared to batteries.Has a high stored energy density, which is now 460-600wh /kg, about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries;Compared with lead-acid batteries, lithium ion batteries are light in weight, which is about 1/5-6 of lead-acid products in the same volume.

3. Lithium ion batteries have a relatively long service life. Batteries with lithium ferrous phosphate as the positive pole are charged and released by 1CDOD, which can be used for 1000 times.Lithium ion battery has strong adaptability in high and low temperature, which can be used in the environment of -20℃ to 60℃. Through the process, it can be used in the environment of -45℃.

When choosing AGV batteries, we are able to confirm the battery specifications from a combination of the battery's communication protocol, voltage, weight, application of ambient temperature, safety, and cycle life.

1. Communication protocol

Now AGV car battery communication protocol is important: RS485, RS232, CAN.Select the BMS module of the battery according to the communication protocol.

2, voltage

Consider the extra voltage and maximum voltage at the output to determine the voltage and material of the lithium-ion battery.Meanwhile, the extra voltage of the battery should not be lower than the extra voltage of the motor.However, the full voltage of the battery should not be higher than the maximum voltage of the equipment.Therefore, it is sometimes seen that AGV batteries are 12-series ternary lithium ion batteries with a full voltage of 50.4V, rather than the usual 24V or 48V.